Information Systems
Information systems integrate the software, hardware, data, and processes that move information through a battery manufacturing organization — MES, ERP, PLM, quality systems, analytics platforms. As a hard skill it requires understanding system-of-systems architecture, integration patterns (sync vs async, batch vs streaming), data governance, and the human and organizational change management that real IS work always includes. Practitioners apply it when planning the MES-to-ERP integration for a new battery plant, when picking a PLM strategy that accommodates rapid cell-chemistry iterations, and when writing the cross-team data dictionary that lets quality, engineering, and finance speak the same language about a cell genealogy record.
