Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP)

Inductively coupled plasma techniques — optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) — determine elemental concentrations across a wide dynamic range by atomizing samples in a high-temperature argon plasma and measuring emission or mass-to-charge signals. As a hard skill it requires correct sample digestion to achieve complete dissolution, matrix matching of calibration standards, and selection of internal standards and interference corrections appropriate to the matrix. Battery researchers apply ICP-OES and ICP-MS to quantify cathode stoichiometry, measure metal dissolution into electrolyte during cycling, and certify incoming raw material composition.

View Wikipedia