Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) probes the frequency-dependent response of an electrochemical system to a small AC perturbation, separating processes by time scale into distinct features in Nyquist and Bode plots. R&D scientists use equivalent-circuit and physics-based fitting to extract bulk and interfacial resistance, charge-transfer kinetics, diffusion, and capacitance in batteries, fuel cells, corrosion, and coatings. Mastery requires both careful experimental design and rigorous, model-aware data analysis.
