Computer Science
Computer science fundamentals — data structures, algorithms, complexity analysis, computational theory — underpin every meaningful conversation about software in battery production, from BMS state-of-charge estimation to MES database design to factory-floor analytics. As a hard skill it requires comfort with asymptotic analysis (so an O(n²) loop doesn't end up running over millions of cells), classical data structures (queues, graphs, trees for genealogy traversal), and design patterns that survive ten years of code maintenance. Software engineers apply this when designing the data model that ties cell IDs to pack IDs to vehicle IDs, when picking algorithms for BMS coulomb counting under noise, and when reviewing junior engineers' code for the kind of bugs that cause field returns.
