Controller Area Network (CAN)
Controller Area Network (CAN) is the dominant serial bus protocol for in-vehicle and pack-internal communication — Battery Management Systems use CAN to report cell voltages, temperatures, and faults to the vehicle ECU. As a hard skill it requires understanding CAN frame structure, bit timing, termination, and the higher-layer protocols (J1939, OBD-II, ISO 15765) that EVs and industrial equipment ride on top. Engineers apply it when debugging BMS-to-VCU communication on a benchtop, when running CAN-bus stress tests on a finished pack, or when reverse-engineering a partner OEM's CAN messages during integration.
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